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NuGet's behavior is driven by the accumulated settings in one or more NuGet.Config
(XML) files that can exist at project-, user-, and computer-wide levels. A global NuGetDefaults.Config
file also specifically configures package sources. Settings apply to all commands issued in the CLI, the Package Manager Console, and the Package Manager UI.
Config file locations and uses
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Scope | NuGet.Config file location | Description |
---|---|---|
Solution | Current folder (aka Solution folder) or any folder up to the drive root. | In a solution folder, settings apply to all projects in subfolders. Note that if a config file is placed in a project folder, it has no effect on that project. |
User | Windows:%appdata%NuGetNuGet.Config Mac/Linux: ~/.config/NuGet/NuGet.Config or ~/.nuget/NuGet/NuGet.Config (varies by OS distribution) Additional configs are supported on all platforms. These configs cannot be edited by the tooling. Windows: %appdata%NuGetconfig*.Config Mac/Linux: ~/.config/NuGet/config/*.config or ~/.nuget/config/*.config | Settings apply to all operations, but are overridden by any project-level settings. |
Computer | Windows:%ProgramFiles(x86)%NuGetConfig Mac/Linux: $XDG_DATA_HOME . If $XDG_DATA_HOME is null or empty, ~/.local/share or /usr/local/share will be used (varies by OS distribution) | Settings apply to all operations on the computer, but are overridden by any user- or project-level settings. |
Notes for earlier versions of NuGet:
- NuGet 3.3 and earlier used a
.nuget
folder for solution-wide settings. This folder is not used in NuGet 3.4+. - For NuGet 2.6 to 3.x, the computer-level config file on Windows was located in
%ProgramData%NuGetConfig[{IDE}[{Version}[{SKU}]]]NuGet.Config
, where{IDE}
can beVisualStudio
,{Version}
was the Visual Studio version such as14.0
, and{SKU}
is eitherCommunity
,Pro
, orEnterprise
. To migrate settings to NuGet 4.0+, simply copy the config file to%ProgramFiles(x86)%NuGetConfig
. On Linux, this previous location was/etc/opt
, and on Mac,/Library/Application Support
.
Changing config settings
A NuGet.Config
file is a simple XML text file containing key/value pairs as described in the NuGet Configuration Settings topic.
Settings are managed using the NuGet CLI config command:
- By default, changes are made to the user-level config file.
- To change settings in a different file, use the
-configFile
switch. In this case files can use any filename. - Keys are always case sensitive.
- Elevation is required to change settings in the computer-level settings file.
Warning
Although you can modify the file in any text editor, NuGet (v3.4.3 and later) silently ignores the entire configuration file if it contains malformed XML (mismatched tags, invalid quotation marks, etc.). This is why it's preferable to manage setting using nuget config
.
Setting a value
Windows:
Mac/Linux:
Note
In NuGet 3.4 and later you can use environment variables in any value, as in repositoryPath=%PACKAGEHOME%
(Windows) and repositoryPath=$PACKAGEHOME
(Mac/Linux).
Removing a value
To remove a value, specify a key with an empty value.
Creating a new config file
Copy the template below into the new file and then use nuget config -configFile <filename>
to set values:
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How settings are applied
Multiple NuGet.Config
files allow you to store settings in different locations so that they apply to a single project, a group of projects, or all projects. These settings collectively apply to any NuGet operation invoked from the command line or from Visual Studio, with settings that exist 'closest' to a project or the current folder taking precedence.
Specifically, NuGet loads settings from the different config files in the following order:
- The
NuGetDefaults.Config
file, which contains settings related only to package sources. - The computer-level file.
- The user-level file.
- The file specified with
-configFile
. - Files found in every folder in the path from the drive root to the current folder (where
nuget.exe
is invoked or the folder containing the Visual Studio project). For example, if a command is invoked inc:ABC
, NuGet looks for and loads config files inc:
, thenc:A
, thenc:AB
, and finallyc:ABC
.
As NuGet finds settings in these files, they are applied as follows:
- For single-item elements, NuGet replaced any previously-found value for the same key. This means that settings that are 'closest' to the current folder or project override any others found earlier. For example, the
defaultPushSource
setting inNuGetDefaults.Config
is overridden if it exists in any other config file. - For collection elements (such as
<packageSources>
), NuGet combines the values from all configuration files into a single collection. - When
<clear />
is present for a given node, NuGet ignores previously defined configuration values for that node.
Settings walkthrough
Let's say you have the following folder structure on two separate drives:
You then have four NuGet.Config
files in the following locations with the given content. (The computer-level file is not included in this example, but would behave similarly to the user-level file.)
File A. User-level file, (%appdata%NuGetNuGet.Config
on Windows, ~/.config/NuGet/NuGet.Config
on Mac/Linux):
File B. disk_drive_2/NuGet.Config
:
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File C. disk_drive_2/Project1/NuGet.Config
:
File D. disk_drive_2/Project2/NuGet.Config
:
NuGet then loads and applies settings as follows, depending on where it's invoked:
Invoked from
disk_drive_1/users
: Only the default repository listed in the user-level configuration file (A) is used, because that's the only file found ondisk_drive_1
.Invoked from
disk_drive_2/
ordisk_drive_/tmp
: The user-level file (A) is loaded first, then NuGet goes to the root ofdisk_drive_2
and finds file (B). NuGet also looks for a configuration file in/tmp
but does not find one. As a result, the default repository onnuget.org
is used, package restore is enabled, and packages get expanded indisk_drive_2/tmp
.Invoked from
disk_drive_2/Project1
ordisk_drive_2/Project1/Source
: The user-level file (A) is loaded first, then NuGet loads file (B) from the root ofdisk_drive_2
, followed by file (C). Settings in (C) override those in (B) and (A), so therepositoryPath
where packages get installed isdisk_drive_2/Project1/External/Packages
instead ofdisk_drive_2/tmp
. Also, because (C) clears<packageSources>
, nuget.org is no longer available as a source leaving onlyhttps://MyPrivateRepo/ES/nuget
.Invoked from
disk_drive_2/Project2
ordisk_drive_2/Project2/Source
: The user-level file (A) is loaded first followed by file (B) and file (D). BecausepackageSources
is not cleared, bothnuget.org
andhttps://MyPrivateRepo/DQ/nuget
are available as sources. Packages get expanded indisk_drive_2/tmp
as specified in (B).
Additional user wide configuration
Starting with 5.7, NuGet has added support for additional user wide configuration files. This allows third-party vendors to add additional user configuration files without elevation.These configuration files are found in the standard user wide configuration folder within a config
subfolder.All files ending with .config
or .Config
will be considered.These files cannot be edited by the standard tooling.
OS Platform | Additional Configurations |
---|---|
Windows | %appdata%NuGetconfig*.Config |
Mac/Linux | ~/.config/NuGet/config/*.config or ~/.nuget/config/*.config |
NuGet defaults file
The NuGetDefaults.Config
file exists to specify package sources from which packages are installed and updated, and to control the default target for publishing packages with nuget push
. Because administrators can conveniently (using Group Policy, for example) deploy consistent NuGetDefaults.Config
files to developer and build machines, they can ensure that everyone in the organization is using the correct package sources rather than nuget.org.
Important
The NuGetDefaults.Config
file never causes a package source to be removed from a developer's NuGet configuration. That means if the developer has already used NuGet and therefore has the nuget.org package source registered, it won't be removed after the creation of a NuGetDefaults.Config
file.
Furthermore, neither NuGetDefaults.Config
nor any other mechanism in NuGet can prevent access to package sources like nuget.org. If an organization wishes to block such access, it must use other means such as firewalls to do so.
NuGetDefaults.Config
location
The following table describes where the NuGetDefaults.Config
file should be stored, depending on the target OS:
OS Platform | NuGetDefaults.Config Location |
---|---|
Windows | Visual Studio 2017 or NuGet 4.x+:%ProgramFiles(x86)%NuGetConfig Visual Studio 2015 and earlier or NuGet 3.x and earlier: %PROGRAMDATA%NuGet |
Mac/Linux | $XDG_DATA_HOME (typically ~/.local/share or /usr/local/share , depending on OS distribution) |
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NuGetDefaults.Config settings
packageSources
: this collection has the same meaning aspackageSources
in regular config files and specifies the default sources. NuGet uses the sources in order when installing or updating packages in projects using thepackages.config
management format. For projects using the PackageReference format, NuGet uses local sources first, then sources on network shares, then HTTP sources, regardless of the order in the configuration files. NuGet always ignores the order of sources with restore operations.disabledPackageSources
: this collection also has the same meaning as inNuGet.Config
files, where each affected source is listed by its name and atrue
/false
value indicating whether it's disabled. This allows the source name and URL to remain inpackageSources
without having it turned on by default. Individual developers can then re-enable the source by setting the source's value tofalse
in otherNuGet.Config
files without having to find the correct URL again. This is also useful to supply developers with a full list of internal source URLs for an organization while enabling only an individual team's source by default.defaultPushSource
: specifies the default target fornuget push
operations, overriding the built-in default ofnuget.org
. Administrators can deploy this setting to avoid publishing internal packages to the publicnuget.org
by accident, as developers specifically need to usenuget push -Source
to publish tonuget.org
.